Let’s assume that you’re completing a solid career, have earned a good income and through thrift and discipline, accumulated a significant nest egg for retirement.  Sounds good so far, right?  But as you approach retirement, the thought may occur to you: “I don’t really know how to convert this nest egg into retirement income when I stop working”. Well, you’re not alone.  In our experience, there is a fair amount of angst that accompanies this much anticipated life event, and for good reason.  Compared to the working years, there are many unique moving parts and complexities to consider in retirement that most individuals have never had to think about.  Building wealth while earning a healthy income is pretty one dimensional. For most individuals, it’s about setting aside regular long term savings and investments in the most tax effective manner possible.  With relatively high marginal tax brackets, individuals tend to build their retirement nest eggs with pretax contributions first; usually through contributions...

For most retirees, Social Security is an essential component of financial security.  It is estimated that Social Security benefits account for one-third of all retirement income each year.  Despite its significance, it appears that many retirees are not optimizing their benefits and losing out on substantial income over their lifetimes.  The Social Security claiming options are complex and there is no one strategy that is the right fit for everyone; however, one of the common errors is claiming too early.  Only 4% of retirees wait until age 70 to claim the maximum retirement benefit.  A recent study estimates that US retirees would generate an additional $111,000 of income on average over their retirement years if they optimized their Social Security benefit selection.   Many factors may influence the decision to claim early, with poor health and a reduced life expectancy being the most common. There is a break-even life expectancy calculation that is important to consider: how long must I live before the maximized age 70 Social...

If you have been tuned-in to the financial press recently, you will have noticed a great deal of attention surrounding the concept of an inverted yield curve.  Why all the excitement and alarm?  While the topic can be quite complex, here is a quick primer. The Yield Curve:  This is an important metric to economists.  It is a simple graph that plots the yields of U.S. Treasury obligations of all different maturities.  Remember, Treasuries (bills, notes and bonds) are debt instruments issued by the US Government; it’s how they borrow money.  The Treasury’s “maturity” describes how long before the bond is repaid and ranges from 1 month to 30 years.  The vertical axis of the graph measures the % yield paid by the bond.  The horizontal axis measures the length of all the maturities. Normal Yield Curve:  Under normal conditions, the curve created by plotting the points on the graph is upward sloping.  It indicates that interest rates increase with each longer maturity.  At the most basic...

It appears that concern over the retirement readiness of American workers has reached a point where both Houses of Congress are poised to pass new legislation with broad bipartisan support.  The House version of the legislation is called the SECURE Act and has twenty-six individual components impacting either an employer’s ability to offer retirement benefits to its employees or an employee’s ability to save more easily and effectively for retirement.  Here is a quick summary of the more impactful provisions: Employer related: Multiple-Employer Plans (MEP’s)- Small employers are often discouraged from offering retirement plans due to the corresponding cost and administrative burden.  The SECURE Act expands on previous efforts to allow small employers to band together to form Multiple-Employer Plans thereby sharing costs and admin duties.  The act broadens and liberalizes the rules allowing small firms that do not share a common geographic area, trade, industry, or profession to join the...

We often hear some variation of the following question: “Some of my investments outperformed all the others; why don’t I put more of my money in the investments that did really well?” For example, if we look at 2017, we see that large company growth stocks, especially those in the technology sector, performed exceptionally.  So why wouldn’t we overweight our portfolio with these types of investments? The Answer Is: if we could accurately predict this in advance and then concentrate all or more of our investments into the best performing investment type with a sufficient probability of success, we would.  But we can’t.  Lots of people try, but the historical evidence is clear.  It can’t be done in an efficient and predictable manner.  And here, with a minimum of investment jargon, is why: The investment performance of each type of investment (or asset class), relative to all the other types, is purely...